《中国经济与社会史评论》集刊卷首语
赵德馨
本集刊以《中国经济与社会史评论》为名,昭示她以评论为特色。学术评论是同行通过媒体进行的学术对话与沟通,旨在推动学术的进步。社会科学研究的目标是超越已知。这种超越是以找到前人取得的成就和不足为出发点的。人们研究任何课题,入门的第一步都是学习前人的成果并予以评论,写出文献综述,研究工作就是一个评论前人成果的过程。每一项研究成果问世之后,同行的评论是其获得学界认可的形式。这种评论包含基于异见的争论或辩论。辩论是真理之源,真理是由争论确立的。评论能揭开学科发展进程中遇到的瓶颈问题,探讨解决途径。评论使学者相互取长补短,实现优势互补。评论能鞭挞抄袭,鼓励创新,是端正学风、创立公正评价的有效工具。评论既是促进学术发展的机制和生命线,也是每一个从事学术研究者的义务和无法回避的工作。我们希望本集刊能成为经济史学同行交流心得的平台和经济史学发展的推动器。
集刊名《中国经济与社会史评论》,昭示她主要是经济史科学的专业集刊,其评论的对象主要在于经济史科学范围之内。经济史科学包含经济史学与经济史学概论两个分支,其中经济史学是主体。经济史学又包括经济史实(简称“经济史”)和经济史论两个部分,其中经济史是主体。经济史的对象包含经济、时间和空间三个要素。时间,上起人类有经济活动之时,下迄当代,前后几十万年。空间,宽至人类足迹所到之处,纵横数万里。经济,包括人类所有经济生活的各个方面,包罗万千。经济史论,实即经济理论。经济史是源,经济理论是流,所有经济理论都是从经济史中抽象出来的。至于经济史学概论,是关于经济史学这门学科的理论,诸如这门学科的研究对象、相邻学科、功能、历史、理论、方法、规范、表述方式,等等。本集刊评论的对象是经济史科学,当然包括全世界的经济史学。她面向全世界,既评论外国经济史,也收录国外作者的评论作品和相关译文。由此看来,本集刊所要评论的范围是很广泛的。
评论的方式不拘一格。可以以人为对象进行评论,如分析某位经济史学家的成就和研究方法。可以以研究集体为对象,评论某个经济史学研究机构或某个经济史学学派的贡献与特色。可以以问题为单位,指出该问题的研究历程,已达到的水平和前进的方向。也可以对某部(或几部)著作或某篇(或几篇)论文进行评论。还可以对某个概念、某个术语、某个观点、某种理论体系进行剖析。至于文体,提倡多样化,力求生动活泼。可以是长篇大论,也可以是三言两语;可以是访问记录,也可以是学者通信;可以是读书笔记,也可以是学习随笔。只要是言之有据,持之有理,都是我们欢迎的。
评论文章应该遵守它特有的学术规范。这包含学德、学风和具体操作规则,其核心是科学的品格。具体地说,就是:为了追求真理,坚持严谨学风;与人为善,尊重他人,仅评学术,不涉及人身;文贵有新,不宜重复,实事求是,恰如其分;以理服人,心态平和。
评论当然要有价值标准。经济史科学研究成果的价值取决于满足本学科领域和社会应用领域对它的需要程度。任何评论的作者面对的是一部经济史学科的学术史。评论任何一个问题、一本论著、一个作者、都要将其置于经济史学科学术史中。评论文章具有同行认可的性质,又有穿越时空的生命力,这使它对某项研究成果的臧否举足轻重,所以要非常慎重。
经济史科学已经有了《中国经济史研究》与《中国社会经济史研究》两个专业出版物,近年来又有天津师范大学主办的《经济一社会史评论》。他们都办得很好,有专题研究的成果,也有评论,重心是在前者。经济史研究的队伍在扩大,成果日多。因此,《中国经济与社会史评论》这一以评论为主旨的集刊,会使经济史科学的成果发布更加全面,使经济史研究工作者的研究成果有更多的发表阵地。我想,她将获得同行的欢迎和支持,促进经济史科学的繁荣昌盛。
第一辑目录
明清城乡市场平行说······················································································任 放(1)
南方山区开发的历史进程、特征及其意义·······················································鲁西奇(49)
明清江汉平原地区的堤垸水利与地方社会
——以《白莒垸首总印册》为中心·································································周 荣(89)
清代的私盐·····································································································陈 锋(122)
清代湖北的县衙······························································································陈 典(169)
张之洞企业活动刍议
——以汉阳铁厂为中心···················································································吴剑杰(193)
光绪朝中央与地方的财政博弈·········································································蔡国斌(226)
评《光绪朝硃批奏折》对张之洞奏议的收录····················································周秀鸾(247)
武昌起义爆发后《通商汇纂》出版的号外之一················································李少军(253)
中国经济史学产生的前提条件与背影分析·······················································杨祖义(277)
中国仓储制度制度研究综述
——以明清仓储制度研究为中心·····································································白丽萍(288)
二十世纪以来“五行说”起源研究述评···························································薛梦潇(308)
长江流域环境史研究的回顾与展望··································································陈新立(322)
明清时期山区开发与发展研究综述
——以南方内地山区为中心············································································张建民(342)
第二辑目录
清初两湖地区土地清丈及相关问题考释··························································杨国安(1)
清代四川农村商品经济的发展与经济结构的变迁·············································谢 放(34)
清代江西丰城县堤防设施的建设和管理刍议····················································廖艳彬(92)
关于中国近代经济史中心线索的二三事
——学习汪敬虞先生论著笔记·········································································赵德馨(105)
清代的盐业管理······························································································陈 锋(120)
本地利益与全局话语
——晚清、民国天门县历编水利案牍解读·······················································周 荣(157)
武昌起义爆发后《通商汇纂》出版的号外之二················································李少军(185)
“革命党与农民的第一次见面”:孙中山的农民
组织观论析·····································································································魏文享(233)
20世纪50年代初期湖北省新贫农问题考察
········································································································苏少之 陈春华(249)
近十余年大陆晚清民国医疗卫生研究综述·······················································路彩霞(280)
近代汉口市政研究述论···················································································方秋梅(295)
近百年胡林翼抚鄂研究综述············································································洪 均(334)
海外学者对李约瑟之谜的研究综述··································································瞿 商(350)